THE WORLD POPULATION LESSON-2

INTRODUCTION

• The people of a country are its real wealth, they make resources & decide policies.
• World’s population at beginning of 21^st century was over 6 billion.
• “Asia has many place where people are few and few place where people are very many”~ George B. Cressey
• Population Distribution refers to the way people are spread over earth’s surface.
• The 10 most populous countries of the world contribute about 60% of world’s population

DENSITY OF POPULATION

• Each unit of land has limited capacity to support people living on it.
• Density of population= 𝑃𝑂𝑃𝑈𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁/𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 per sq. km
• Densely populated parts of world: more than 200 persons per sq km Examples- N-E part of USA, N-W part of Europe, South Asia.
• Medium densed parts: 11-50 persons per sq.km Examples – Western China, Southern India, Norway.
• Low densed parts: 1 person per sq.km Examples- N & S poles, Hot & cold deserts.

FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Geographical Factors:

• Water
• Landforms
• Climate
• Soils

Economic Factors:

• Minerals
• Urbanization
• Industrialization

Social-Cultural Factors

• Places of religious significance attract people.
• People move away from areas of socio-political unrest.

POPULATION GROWTH

1. Population growth :- change in number of inhabitants of a territory during a specific period of time.
2. Important indicator of eco. Development , social upliftment of a region.
3. Can be either positive or negative.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF GEOGRAPHY

1. Growth of population: Change of population in an area between two point of time

2. Growth rate of population: Population change expressed in %

3. Natural Growth of population: population growth caused by births

• Natural Growth= Births-Deaths
• Actual Growth= Births-Deaths+ In migration- Out migration.

4. Positive Growth- Birth rate is more than death rate

5. Negative Growth- Death rate is more than birth rate

COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE

1. Births, Deaths & Migration are components of population change.
2. Crude birth rate= Live births during a year /Mid-year population ×1000
3. Crude death rate= Number of deaths /Mid year population ×1000
4. Population growth occurs by decreasing death rate.
5. Crude death rate is used to measure mortality of any area.
6. Mortality rate is affected by region’s demographic structure, socio-economic development.

MIGRATION

1. Spontaneous effort to achieve a better balance between pop.& resources.
2. Can be permanent, temporary, seasonal.
3. Immigration:-Migrants who move into a new place are immigrants (from a country)
4. Emigration:- Migrants who move out of a place (to a country)
5. Push and pull factors influence migration.

TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH

1. Population on earth is more than 6 billion
2. In early periods population grew slowly, during last hundred years pop Increased at alarming rate.
3. Expanding world trade in 16^th & 17^th century set stage for rapid growth
4. World population exploded after industrial revolution.
5. Technological advancement achieved so far helped in reduction of birth rate and provided a stage for accelerated population growth.

SCIENCE & TECH HELPED IN POPULATION GROWTH

1. Agricultural production increased by steam engine which provided mechanised energy.
2. Immunization (Inoculation) against epidemics & other diseases , improvement in medical & sanitation facilities.

DOUBLING TIME OF WORLD POPULATION

1. It took more than a million years to attain 1 billion mark.
2. It took only 12 years for it to rise from 5 billion to 6 billion.
3. Developed countries take more time to double population.
4. Developing countries take less time to double population.

SPATIAL PATTERN OF POPULATION CHANGE

1. In developed countries there is negative correlation between economic development & population growth.
2. Annual rate of population change seem to be low but not in actual:

• Small annual rate applied to very large population, it will lead to large population change.
• If growth rate continue to decline, total population grows each year The IMR may have increased as has the death rate during childbirth

IMPACT OF POPULATION CHANGE

1. Small increase is desirable for economy.
2. Pop. Growth beyond certain level leads to depletion of resources.
3. HIV/AIDS pushed death rate in Africa & reduced avg. life expectancy which slowed population growth.
4. Annual Population growth rate in India is 1.64%

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

1. This theory is used to describe & predict future population.
2. Says that pop. Of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian & illiterate to urban industrial & literate society

STAGES-

1. First stage: High fertility & high mortality.

2. Second stage: Decline in fertility, reduced mortality rate , improvement in health & sanitation

3. Third stage: Fertility & mortality declined , population grows slowly , population become urbanized & literate

POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES

1. Family planning is preventing birth of children.
2. Access to Family Planning services is important in limiting population growth also women’s health.
3. Free Availability of contraceptives, tax disincentives for large families.

MALTHUS THEORY

Malthus stated that no. of people would increase faster than food supply any further increase would lead to famines, diseases & war.