POPULATION COMPOSITION LESSON-3

INTRODUCTION

Population composition refers to those characteristics of population which are measurable and helpful in distinguishing one group of people from other

• People can be distinguished by:- 1.Age 2.Sex 3.Place of residence 4.Occupation 5.Education 6.Life expectancy

SEX COMPOSITION

1. The ratio between number of men and women in the population is called sex ratio.
2. Sex ratio where males are less than females: Male population/Female population×1000
3. Sex ratio where females are less than males: Female population/Male population×1000
4. Sex ratio tells us about status of women in  a country.
5. Females tend to be more resilient than males but this biological advantage is cancelled by social discrimination they face.

SEX RATIO IN THE WORLD

1. Avg world sex ratio is 102 males per hundred females.
2. Highest sex ratio in Latvia- 85 males per 100 females.
3. Lowest sex ratio in Qatar- 311 males per 100 females.
4. Sex ratio favorable for females in 139 countries & unfavorable in 72 countries (Listed by UN).
5. Asia has low sex ratio. Europe has high sex ratio

AGE STRUCTURE

AGE SEX PYRAMID

1. A pyramid used to show number of females & males in different age groups( Age structure)
2. Shape of pyramid reflects the characteristics of population.
3. Left side shows % of males.
4. Right side shows % of females

EXPANDING POPULATION

1. Triangular shaped pyramid with wide base.
2. It is of less developed countries.
3. High birth rate leads to large population in lower age groups.
4. Example: Nigeria, Bangladesh, Mexico

CONSTANT POPULATION

1. Pyramid to show birth and death rate almost equal.
2. Bell shaped pyramid tapered towards top.
3. Example:-Australia.

DECLINING POPULATION

1. Pyramid depicts low births & low death rates.
2. Used to depict population growth in developed countries.
3. Population growth is usually 0 or negative.
4. Pyramid has narrow base and tapered top leaf shaped.
5. Example: Japan

RURAL URBAN COMPOSITION (RUC)

1. Division of population into rural and urban on the basis of residence is called RUC.
2. Rural areas :- people are engaged in primary activities.
3. Urban areas:-people are engaged in non- primary activities.

AGEING POPULATION

Process by which the share of older population becomes larger , mostly happen in developed countries

RURAL URBAN SEX COMPOSITION (RUSC)

1. Refers to composition of males and females in rural & urban areas .
2. Shows rural urban difference in sex ratio.
3. RUSC in Canada and west European countries opposite of those in Asian-African countries.
4. Farming in developed countries is highly mechanized and a male dominant activity.
5. Sex ratio in Asian urban areas is male dominated due to male migration.
6. In India participation of women is high in farming activity.

LITERACY

1. Denotes population above 7 years of age who is able to read & write and are able to do basic arithmetic calculation with understanding.
2. Literate population is an indicator of its socio-economic development.
3. It reveals standard of living, social status of female, availability of educational facilities & govt. policies

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

1. Refers to distribution of working population across primary, secondary, tertiary & quaternary sector of the country.
2. Proportion of working population engaged in these sectors is a good indicator of the economic development level.
3. Economy which is in primitive stages have people engaged in primary activities.
4. Developed economies have people engaged in secondary & tertiary activities