“ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” LESSON-9
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CLASS-12
Q1. – is defined as the total planetary inheritance & totality of all
resources
A. Ecosystem
B. Environment
C. Earth
D. Atmosphere
Ans. B
Explanation:- Environment is defined as the total planetary inheritance
& totality of all resources . Hence , B is the correct option.
Q2. Name the functions of environment.
Ans: Supplies resources,assimilates waste,sustains life & provides scenery
Q3. – means the ability of the environment to absorb degradation.
A. Carrying capacity
B. Absorptive capacity
C. A & B both
D. None
Ans. B
Explanation:-Absorptive capacity means the ability of the environment
to absorb degradation .Hence, B is the correct option.
Q4. What is global warming?
Ans. It is a gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth’s
lower atmosphere due to increase in greenhouse gases.
OR
Name some greenhouse gases.
Ans. Carbon Dioxide, Methane etc.
Q5. – percent of water in India is polluted
A. 60
B. 50
C. 80
D. 70
Ans. D
Explanation:- 70% of water in India is polluted. Hence, D is the correct
option
Q6. Define ozone depletion
Ans. It refers to the phenomenon of reductions in the amount of ozone
in the stratosphere
OR
Name some environmental concerns in India
Ans. Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Deforestation & Wildlife extinction
Q7. – prevents most harmful wavelengths of UV light from passing the
earth’s atmosphere
A. Ozone layer
B. Troposphere
C. Exosphere
D. Mesosphere
Ans. A
Explanation:- Ozone layer prevents most harmful wavelengths of UV
light from passing the earth’s atmosphere. Hence , A is the correct
option.
Q8. Which treaty banned the use of CFCs & other ozone depleting
chemicals
A. Agenda 21
B. Montreal Protocol
C. Paris agreement
D. Kyoto Protocol
Ans. B
Explanation:- Montreal Protocol banned the use of CFCs & other ozone
depleting chemicals. Hence ,B is the correct option.
Q9. Name the factors responsible for land degradation
Ans. Loss of vegetation, shifting cultivation,overgrazing, excessive use of chemicals & fertilisers
OR
Define Sustainable Development
Ans. Sustainable development means that development should take place in
such a way that it do not compromise the future needs
Q10. To address water & air pollution govt. setup the CPCB in which
year?
A. 1991
B. 1976
C. 1974
D. 1985
Ans. C
Explanation:-To address water & air pollution govt. setup the CPCB in 1974 Hence , C is the correct option.
Q11. Air pollution is widespread in – areas
A. Rural
B. Urban
C. Both A & B
D. Suburban
Ans. B
Explanation:- Air pollution is widespread in urban areas where vehicles
are the major contributors. Hence, B is the correct option.
Q12. – is one of the ten most industrialised nations of the world
A. Nepal
B. Bhutan
C. Bangladesh
D. India
Ans. D
Explanation:- India is one of the ten most industrialised nations of the
world . Hence, D is the correct option.
Q13. CPCB has identified – categories of industries as significantly
polluting
A. 17
B. 18
C. 15
D. 25
Ans . A
Explanation:- CPCB has identified 17 categories of industries as
significantly polluting . Hence, A is the correct option.
Q14. Concept of sustainable development was emphasized by which
agency?
A. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development
B. UNESCO
C. CPCB
D. National Green Tribunal
Ans. A
Explanation:- Concept of sustainable development was emphasized by
UNCED. Hence, A is the correct option.
Q15. Which report gave the definition of sustainable development?
A. Small is beautiful
B. Club of Rome report
C. Our Common Future
D. None
Ans. C
Explanation:- Our Common Future gave the definition of sustainable
development. Hence C, is the correct option.
Q16. – commission emphasized on protecting future generation
A. TN Sheshan
B. Daly
C. Environment
D. Brundtland
Ans. D
Explanation:- Brundtland commission emphasized on protecting future
generation. Hence, D is the correct option.
Q17. India is dependent on – & – power plants to meet its
power needs
A. Solar & Bio
B. Wind & Nuclear
C. Thermal & Hydro
D. None
Ans. C
Explanation:- India is dependent on Thermal & Hydro power
plants . Hence, C is the correct option.
Q18. In – use of CNG in public transport system has significantly
lowered air pollution.
A. Mumbai
B. Hyderabad
C. Kolkata
D. Delhi
Ans. D
Explanation:- In Delhi use of CNG in public transport system has
significantly lowered air pollution . Hence, D is the correct option.
Q19. Solar energy can be converted into electricity with the help of:
A. Lithium cells
B. Photovoltaic cells
C. A & B both
D. None
Ans. B
Explanation:- Solar energy can be converted into electricity with the
help of Photovoltaic cells. Hence ,B is the correct option.
Q20. – use the energy of small streams flowing in mountainous areas
A. Solar plants
B. Hydel plants
C. Mini hydel plants
D. Wind mills
Ans. C
Explanation:- Mini hydel plants use the energy of small streams flowing
in mountainous areas . Hence, C is the correct option.
Q21. – can convert organic matter into compost faster than the normal
composting process
A. Snail
B. Earthworm
C. Snake
D. Owl
Ans. B
Explanation:- Earthworm can convert organic matter into compost
faster than the normal composting process. Hence, B is the correct
option.
Q22. The threat to India’s environment is of – dimensions
A. Three
B. Two
C. Five
D. Four
Ans. B
Explanation:-The threat to India’s environment is of two dimensions –
threat of poverty induced environmental degradation & threat of
pollution from affluence & a rapidly growing industrial sector . Hence,
B is the correct option.
Q23. Two major environmental issues facing the world today are – & –
Ans. Global warming & ozone depletion
OR
Name two movements to prevent cutting of trees.
Ans. Chipko & Appiko movement
Q24. What are the examples of abiotic elements of the environment?
A. Birds, Animals, air & water
B. Air, water, land, rocks
C. Birds , animals, trees
D. All of the above
Ans. B
Explanation: Air, Water, Land ,Rocks are the examples of abiotic elements
of the environment. Hence, B is the correct option.
Q25. What are the factors responsible for global warming?
A. Burning of fossil fuel
B. Deforestation
C. Farming
D. All of the above
Ans. D
Explanation:- All the given options are factors responsible for global
warming . Hence, D is the correct option.
Q26.According to Herman Daly, a leading environmental economist, what
should be done to achieve sustainable development?
1.Limiting the human population
2.Technological progress should be input efficient
3.Renewable resources should not be highly extracted
4.Non-renewable resources use should not exceed its substitutes creation
a. Only 3
b. 1&2
c. 2,3,4
d. All of the above
Ans. d.
Q27.Opportunity of costs of negative environmental impacts are
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. High
D. Low
Ans. C
Explanation:- Opportunity costs of negative environmental impacts are
high. Hence, C is the correct option.
Q28. – is one of India’s most industrialised regions
A. Kashmir Valley
B. Bharmaur
C. Damodar Valley
D. All of the above
Ans. C
Explanation:- Damodar Valley is one of India’s most industrialised
regions . Hence, C is the correct option.
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Hope it helps, all the best