MCQs WATER RESOURCES CHAPTER-6

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY INDIA PEOPLE & ECONOMY UNIT-3 CHAPTER-6 WATER RESOURCES

MCQs –

1. _________is possibly to pose the greatest challenge on account of its increased demand coupled with shrinking supplies due to over utilisation and pollution

A. Water scarcity
B. Soil erosion
C. Greenhouse gases
D. Climate change

Ans: A

*Water is a cyclic resource

2. Read the following statements and choose the correct option
Statement 1 – Freshwater constitutes 71 per cent of the total water.
Statement 2 –  A very small proportion of freshwater is effectively available for human use
Options:
A. Both the statements are false.
B. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false
C. Statement 2 is true and Statement 1 is false
D. Both the statements are true

Ans: C

• Total water on Earth – 71%
• Freshwater – 3%

3.  For which of the following resources the tensions and disputes on sharing and control  are becoming contested issues among communities, regions, and states.
A. Minerals
B. Fertile soil
C. Forests
D. Water

Ans: D

4. India accounts for about _____ per cent of the
world’s surface area
A. 3.35
B. 5.25
C. 2.45
D. 4

Ans: C

* 4 per cent of the world’s ,water resources and about 16 per cent of the world’s population

5. The total utilisable water resource in the country is –
A. 1869 cubic km
B. 4000 cubic km
C. 1122 cubic km
D. 690 cubic km

Ans: C

Total water from precipitation – 4000 cubic km

Availability from surface water and replenishable groundwater – 1,869 cubic km

6. Consider the following statements and identify the incorrect–
A. Rivers, lakes, ponds and tanks are four major sources of surface water
B. Due to topographical, hydrological and other constraints, only about 690 cubic km (32 per cent) of the available ground water can be utilised.
C. Water flow in a river depends on size of its catchment area or river basin and rainfall within its catchment area
D. Precipitation is relatively high in the catchment areas of the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Barak rivers, these rivers, although account for only about one-third of the total area in the country, have 60 per cent of the total surface water resources

Ans: B

*Due to topographical, hydrological and other constraints, only about 690 cubic km (32 per cent) of the available ground water can be utilised.

7. The total replenishable groundwater resources in the country are about ___ cubic km
A. 444
B. 422
C. 432
D. 332

Ans: C

8. The level of groundwater utilization is high in the river basins of which of the following regions ?
A. North western region
B. Parts of South India
C. Both A & B
D. North eastern states

Ans: C

9. Which of the following states utilize only a small proportion of their ground water potentials?
A. Chhattisgarh
B. Punjab
C. Haryana
D. Tamil Nadu

Ans: A

• States with high ground water utilization –  Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu
• States with moderate ground water utilization – Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura and Maharashtra
• States with low ground water utilization –Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Kerala

10. Read the following statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) & Choose the correct option
Assertion (A) – There are a number of lagoons & lakes in India
Reason (R) –  India has a vast coastline and the coast is very
indented in some states due to this lagoon & lakes have formed
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
C. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
D. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

Ans: A

*Water is generally brackish (salty) in these water bodies, it is used for fishing and irrigating certain varieties of paddy crops, coconut

11. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given options:
1. Development of irrigation to increase agricultural production has been assigned a very high priority in the Five year plans
2. India is traditionally an agrarian economy with two-third population dependent on agriculture
Options:
A. Only 1 is correct.
B. Only 2 is correct
C. Both the statements are incorrect
D. Both statements are correct and statement 2 correctly explains the statement 1

Ans: D

12. India’s water demand at present is dominated by –
A. Industries
B. Irrigational needs
C. Domestic needs
D. Both A & C

Ans: B

Agriculture – 89% surface water , 92% ground water

Industrial – 2% surface water, 5% ground water

Domestic – 9% surface water , 3% ground water

*Share of agriculture in total water utilization is higher than other sectors

13. The share of which of the following sectors are likely to increase in the total water utilization in future?
A. Agriculture
B. Industrial
C. Domestic
D. B & C both

Ans: D

*Due to development

14. Which of the following areas of our country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone?
A. North- eastern states
B. Deccan Plateau
C. Gangetic Plain
D. Brahmaputra valley

Ans: B

*Also, North- Western India

15. Irrigation is needed because of ______ in rainfall
A. Delay
B. Variability
C. Spatio-temporal variability
D. Deficiency

Ans: C

16. In which of the following states, breaks in monsoon or its failure create dry spells detrimental for agriculture?
A. Punjab
B. West Bengal
C. Bihar
D. Both B & C

Ans: D

17. Water requirement of which of the following crops is very high & can be met only through irrigation
A. Rice
B. Sugarcane
C. Jute
D. All of the above

Ans: D

18. Why was the Green revolution strategy largely successful in Punjab, Haryana & Western UP?
A. Fertile Soil
B. Pleasant climate
C. Developed irrigation systems
D. None

Ans: C

*High yielding varieties of crops need regular moisture supply

*irrigated lands have higher agricultural

productivity than unirrigated land

19. Which of the following is not true about demand of water for irrigation
A. In Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, more than 85 per cent of their net sown area is under irrigation, wheat and rice
are grown mainly with the help of irrigation
B. These states utilize large proportion of their groundwater
potential which has resulted in groundwater depletion in these states
C. The over-use of groundwater resources has led to increase in groundwater table in these states
D. Over withdrawals in some states, like Rajasthan and Maharashtra, has increased fluoride concentration in groundwater

Ans: C

*The over-use of groundwater resources has led to decline in groundwater table in these states

20. _______ has led to increase in concentration of arsenic in parts of West Bengal and Bihar.

Ans: Overuse of ground water resources

21. ____________in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar
Pradesh is increasing salinity in the soil and depletion
of groundwater irrigation

Ans: Intensive irrigation

22. Which of the following is the main reason for dwindling of per capita availability of water?
A. Soil erosion
B. Global Warming
C. Deforestation
D. Increasing population

Ans: D

23. Water quality refers to –
A. Source from which water is utilized
B. Purity of water
C. Quality water from R.O. & Aquaguards
D. Water with unwanted substances

Ans: B

Water quality – Water without unwanted foreign substances

24. The two highly polluted rivers in India are –
A. Ganga & Yamuna
B. Krishna & Kaveri
C. Brahmaputra & Godavari
D. Narmada & Tapi

Ans: A

25. Why do we need to conserve water ?
A. Declining availability of freshwater
B. Increasing demand for freshwater
C. Water availability from sea/ocean is negligible
D. All of these

Ans: D

There is need to encourage watershed development, rainwater harvesting, water recycling and reuse, and conjunctive use of water for sustaining water supply in long run.

26. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given options:
1. Major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas
2. Concentration of pollutants in rivers, remains very low during the summer season when flow of water is low.
Options:
A. Only 1 is correct.
B. Only 2 is correct
C. Both the statements are incorrect
D. Both statements are correct and statement 2 correctly explains the statement 1

Ans: A

*Concentration of pollutants in rivers, remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low.

27. CPCB stands for –
A. Central Population Control Board
B. Conservation & Pollution Control Board
C. Central Pollution Control Board
D. Central Pollution Control Body

Ans: C

28. Which of these is the main source of pollution in rivers ?
A. Industrial waste
B. Organic and bacterial contamination
C. Both A & B
D. None

Ans: B

29. Match the following

Ans: A

30. The _______ river is the most polluted river in the the country between Delhi and Etawah
A. Ganga
B. Sutlej
C. Kaveri
D. Yamuna

Ans: D

31. Which of the following is the main cause of ground water pollution?
A. High concentration of toxic metals , fluoride
B. Dumping of waste
C. Use of tubewells
D. Both B & C

Ans: A

32. The Water Act (Prevention and Control of Pollution) was passed in the year –
A. 1991
B. 1986
C. 1974
D. 1997

Ans: C

*Environment Protection Act in 1986

33. The Water Cess Act 1977 was meant to –

Ans: reduce pollution

34. Fill in the blank
There is enormous scope for replenishing water through_______
A. Wasting
B. Desalinizing
C. Both A & B
D. Recycling

Ans: D

35. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given options:
1. Watershed management refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources
2. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc.
Options:
A. Only 1 is correct.
B. Only 2 is correct
C. Both the statements are incorrect
D. Both statements are correct and statement 2 correctly explains statement 1

Ans: D

*In broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed

36. The success of watershed development largely depends on ________

Ans: Community participation

37. Fill in the blank
___________is a watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation.
A. Neeru –Meeru
B. Arvary Pani Sansad
C. Haryali
D. Jal Kranti

Ans: C

*Executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation

38. Which of the following is not correctly matched?

Ans: B

Neeru Meeru – Andhra Pradesh

39. Consider the following features and choose the correct title after associating them
I. It is a method to capture and store rainwater for various uses
II. It is a low cost and eco-friendly technique for preserving every drop of water by guiding the rain water to borewells, pits and wells
III. increases water availability, checks the declining groundwater table, improves the quality of groundwater through dilution of contaminants, like fluoride and nitrates
IV. It has been practised through various methods like through Kund or Tanka in Rajasthan
A. Watershed  Management
B. Desalinization of sea water
C. Rainwater Management
D. Rainwater harvesting

Ans: D

*Harvesting rainwater also decreases the community dependence on groundwater for domestic use

40. Which of the following is/are methods of rainwater harvesting?
A. Harvesting through watershed management
B. Harvesting through lakes (Eris)
C. Harvesting through service wells
D. Harvesting through recharge wells
E. All of the above

Ans: E

41. Which of the following is not an example of multipurpose project?
A. Bhakra-Nangal project
B. Hirakud project
C. Damodar valley
D. Narmada Bachao Andolan

Ans: D

42. Ralegan Siddhi an example of watershed development is in which Indian state?
A. Gujarat
B. Sikkim
C. Maharashtra
D. Kerala

Ans: C

43. Which of the following is not true about India’s National Water Policy 2002?
A. It stipulates water allocation priority in the order : drinking water, irrigation, hydro power, navigation , industrial
B. It is designed to provide livelihood and food security through water security
C. Measures should be taken to limit and regulate the exploitation of groundwater.
D. Conservation consciousness should be promoted through education, regulation, incentives and disincentives.

Ans: B

44. Which programme has been launched by govt. to ensure water security through per capita availability of water in the country?
A. National Mission for Clean Ganga
B. National Water Policy
C. Mission water Conservation
D. Jal Kranti Abhiyan (2015-16)

Ans: D

45. The Objective of the Jal Kranti Abhiyan is achieved through:. A. Using traditional know how
B. Adopting modern technology
C. Mixing modern technology with traditional knowledge
D. Outsource to some other organization

Ans: C

46. Present day world is experiencing acute water paucity due to: A. Climate Change
B. Industrial Pollution
C. Rising Sea level
D. Forest Depletion

Ans: A

47. The main aim of The Jal Kranti Abhiyan is to ensure water security through _______
A. Creating Jal Grams
B. Reducing ground water pollution
C. Per capita availability of water
D. Construction of arsenic free wells

Ans: C

48. Which of the following programme is launched by the present Union Government for the cleaning of river Ganga?
A. Ganga Action Plan
B. Namami Gange
C. Ganga Namami Action Plan
D. Ganga Cleaning Mission

Ans: B

49. Which of the following river has the highest total replenishable groundwater resources?
A. Ganga
B. Subarnarekha
C. Brahmaputra
D. Both A & C

Ans: A

50. Which one of the following types describes water as a resource?

A. Abiotic resource
B. Biotic Resource
C. Non-renewable Resources
D. Non-cyclic Resource

Ans: A

51. Which one of the following south Indian states has the highest groundwater utilisation (in per cent) of its total groundwater potential?
A. Karnataka
B. Andhra Pradesh
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Kerala

Ans: C

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• MCQs WATER RESOURCES CHAPTER-6
• MCQs CHAPTER-4 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
• MCQs CHAPTER-2 MIGRATION
• MCQs LESSON-5 PRIMARY ACTIVITIES
• MCQs LESSON-4 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT