MCQs LESSON-4 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CLASS-12 UNIT-2 CHAPTER-4 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

MCQs

1. Both Growth & ______ refer to changes over a period of time
A. Economy
B. Employment
C. Development
D. Change

Ans:  C

*Difference – Growth is quantitative & value neutral it maybe positive or negative , Development is qualitative change which is always value positive

*Development occurs when there is a positive change in quality

2. Earlier country’s level of development was measured on ?
A. Economic growth
B. Social growth
C. Human development
D. Provision of basic needs

Ans:  A

3. Who spelt out the ideas of quality of life and freedom of opportunities?
A. Amartya Sen
B. Mahbub-ul-haq
C. A & B both
D. Raghuram Rajan

Ans:  C

4. Who among the following introduced the concept of human development?
A. Amartya Sen
B. Manmohan Singh
C. Muhammad Yunus
D. Mahbub-ul-Haq

Ans:  D

*He described human development as development that enlarges the choices of people  and improves their lives & they are central to all development

5. Who created Human Development Index (HDI) ?
A. Amartya Sen
B. Mahbub-ul-haq
C. Adam Smith
D. A & B both

Ans:  B

*HDI created in 1990

* UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) used his concept to publish Human Development Report since 1990

6. Who saw an increase in freedom as main objective of development?
A. Mahbub –ul-haq
B. K. Subramaniam
C. Khurshid Ahmad
D. Amartya sen

Ans:  D

*Explores the role of social & political institutions and processes in increasing freedom

7. What are the important aspects of human development?
A. Long healthy life
B. Able to gain knowledge
C. Decent life
D. All of the above

Ans: D

*Access to resources, health & education are the key areas in human development

8. Which of the following pair is not correctly matched?

Ans: C

*Productivity means human labour productivity

* These four pillars are the components of human development

9. HDI ranks countries on the basis of
A. Health
B. Education
C. Resources
D. All of the above

Ans:  D

10. Match the following

Ans: 1-b, 2-c, 3-a

• Access to resources is measured in terms of purchasing power in USD

11. Identify the incorrect statement:
A. Efforts to increase the knowledge of the people & , provide better health facilities leads to better work efficiency
B. Power to make choices comes from increasing freedom & capability
C. Idea of sustainable development is supported by the concept of four pillars
D. Good governance & people oriented policies are required to empower people

Ans: C

Idea of human development is supported by the concept of human development  

12. Which of the following is not an approach to human development ?
A.  Income Approach
B. Capability Approach
C. Sustainable Approach
D. Welfare Approach

Ans:  C

Basic Needs approach is also an approach to human development

13. The approach that emphasise govt. expenditure for development is –
A. Capability approach
B. Income approach
C. Welfare approach
D. Empowerment approach

Ans:  C

*People are not participants in the development but only passive recipients

14. Which is the oldest approach to human development?
A. Income approach
B. Welfare approach
C. Basic needs approach
D. Capability approach

Ans:  A

*Human development is seen as being linked to income

* Level of income reflects the level of freedom an individual enjoys

15. HDI ranking are based on a score between-
A. 1 to 100
B. 1 to 10
C. 100 to 1000
D. 0 to 1

Ans:  D

16. The approach proposed by ILO (International Labour Organisation)
A. Welfare approach
B. Basic needs approach
C. Capability approach
D. ILO approach

Ans:  B

*Six basic needs were identified , human choices are ignored emphasis on the provision of basic needs

17. Consider the following statements about HDI:
I. Each health , education & access to resources is given a weightage of 1/3
II. HDI is sum total of weights assigned to the three key aspects
III. Closer score to one shows greater human development
IV. HDI measures attainments in human development , reflects what has been achieved in the key areas does not say anything about distribution
A. I & II only
B. III,I & II only
C. IV only
D. I,II,III & IV

Ans:  D

18. Fill in the blank –
________ is related to the human development & measures the shortfall in human development
A. Income approach
B. Gross Human Development
C. Gross National Happiness
D. Human Poverty Index

Ans:  D

*Measures the shortfall in human development , it is a non-income measure probability of not surviving till the age of 40, adult illiteracy rate & underweight children all are taken into account to show shortfall in human development . It is more revealing than the human development index

19. The Govt. of India has introduced which programme to address the issue of decline in child sex ratio?
A. National Social Assistance Programme
B. National Mission for Child Sex Ratio
C. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Programme
D. Mission Beti

Ans:  C

20. The Human Development Index and the Human Poverty index are two important indices to measure
human development used by the _______
A. UNESCO
B. World Bank
C. UNO
D. United Nations Development Programme

Ans:  D

21. ________ is the only country in the world to
officially proclaim the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of the country’s progress.
A. Bhutan
B. Sri Lanka
C. Bangladesh
D. India

Ans:  A

*GNH encourages us to think of the spiritual, non-material and qualitative aspects of development

22. Consider the following statements:
Statement 1- Size of the territory and per capita income are not directly related to human development
Statement 2- Often smaller countries
have done poorer than larger ones in human development
Options-
A. Statement 1 is True & Statement 2
B. Both statements are False
C. Statement 2 is True & Statement 1 is False
D. Both statements are True

Ans:  A

Often smaller countries have done better than larger ones in human development like Sri Lanka & Trinidad & Tobago have a higher rank than India in human development

23. Countries with a HDI score of above 0.800  are grouped under which level of human development?
A. Medium
B. Very high
C. Low
D. High

Ans:  B

*As per HD Report 2020 there are 66 such countries

*Below 0.549 have low level of human development

24. Identify the incorrect option:
A. Countries where a lot of investment has taken place in the social sector are with a higher human development
B. Countries with medium levels of human development form the largest group these emerged after Second world war
C. Many countries in the low human development group have faced political instability & social uprisings in their recent history
D. Countries with low human development have been going through political turmoil & social instability

Ans: C

25. Consider the following statements:
Statement 1- Countries with high levels of human development invest more in the social sectors and are free from political turmoil & instability
Statement 2- Places with low levels of human development spend more on defence than social sectors
Options-
A. Statement 1 is True & Statement 2
B. Both statements are False
C. Statement 2 is True & Statement 1 is False
D. Both statements are True

Ans:  D

26. Which country topped in Human Development Report 2020?
A. Sweden
B. Norway
C. Denmark
D. US

Ans:  B

27. India’s rank in 2020 Human Development Report is __________
A. 126
B. 130
C. 131
D. 129

Ans:  C

*(As per NCERT edition 2021-22)

28. Which one of the following best describes development?
A.  A constant in size
B.  A positive change in quality
C.  A simple change in quality
D.  An increase in size

Ans:  B

29. Who among the following is related to ‘capability approach’?
A. Dr Mahbub-ul-haq
B. Prof Amartya Sen
C. Malthus
D. Ratzel

Ans:  B

30. _______ encourages us to think of the spiritual , non-material & qualitative aspects of development
A. GDP
B. HPI
C. HDI
D. GNH

Ans:  D

*Gross National Happiness

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